10 Facts for a Statistical Report on Psychology Studies

10 Facts for a Statistical Report on Psychology Studies If you are looking for fun facts on psychology studies for a statistical report, consider the exciting psychological studies conducted below: One study focused on the dynamic differences between males and females was that of Antonette King, Britney Wardecker, and Robin Edelstein who explored whether personal mastery buffers women from long-term outcomes associated with CSA (King et al., 2015). The authors evaluated women with and without childhood sexual abuse, interviewing them roughly two to four years after the birth of their first child; the period was selected based upon historical ideas of motherhood having an important impact on long-term effects of women that had been sexually abused during childhood (King et al., 2015). According to the authors research victims of CSA are more likely to develop suicidal thoughts, depression, low self-esteem, and post-traumatic stress disorder. While all women experience some anxiety and challenges with a new birth, CSA victims often have greater maternal distress and anxiety due to negative family environments (King et al., 2015). Today, there is growth related to the holistic aspect of coping skills, focused primarily on more emotionally supportive methods of care that take into consideration all aspects of the patient and not just their mental state. One such breakthrough in this newer methodology completed by health practitioner and author Debra Rose Wilson who studied the health consequences of childhood sexual abuse survivors from a holistic perspective, providing a model with the purpose of supporting prevention, assessment, treatment, and legal advocacy for health care providers in the field with the use of existing research studies (Wilson, 2009). According to the authors research, after reviewing multiple and significant longitudinal and epidemiology studies, adult survivors of CSA of both genders experience more eating disorders, obesity, addictions, depression, and autoimmune disorders, such as asthma and irritable bowel syndrome (2010). The work of Ullman and Peter-Hagenes study which investigated coping strategies and CSA in their article titled Social Reactions to Sexual Assault Disclosure, Coping, Perceived Control, and PTSD Symptoms in Sexual Assault Victims (Ullman and Peter-Hagene, 2014).Using a sample of 1863 volunteer female sexual assault survivors from the Chicago area in the U.S., aged 18 to 71, with a racial makeup of 45 percent African Americans, 35 percent Caucasians, 2 percent Asian Americans, 14 percent Hispanic, and 8.1 percent other, the authors used a mail survey for respondents to complete (Ullman and Peter-Hagene, 2014) testing social reactions to assault disclosure on coping, perceived control over recovery, and PTSD symptoms. All participants had an unwanted sexual incident at the age of 14 or older, were currently the age of 18 and older, and had discussed the incident with someone historically; surveys were mailed to participants; survey questions included items related to social support, un wanted sexual experiences, PTSD symptoms, alcohol and drug use. One other consideration in current research is the ability to recognize early predictors of abuse, so as to afford a better opportunity for prevention and intervention. Debbie Sperry and Cathy Widoms study objective was to determine if CSA and neglect predict low levels of social support in middle adulthood, along with exploring if social support was a factor in mediating or moderating the relationship between CSA and subsequent outcomes of anxiety, depression, and illicit drug use (Sperry and Widom, 2013). Their article was based upon a cohort design study of data from children with recorded histories of CSA and neglect from ages zero to eleven for the years 1967 to 1971; social support was assessed at age 39.5 and anxiety, depression, and illicit drug use was assesses at age 41.2 (Sperry and Widom, 2013). Results consisted of self-reporting having an impact on resilience but needed to be reviewed in the context of the type of assault; many of the studies did not assess factors relating to the sexual abuse such as severity, type, etc., which represented a clear gap in literature/ The question of colored paper and its impact on academic performance has been measured for many years with results varying based on the clinical versus academic setting. Soldat, et al. (1997) tested the difference between red and blue colored paper for performance. The observations from this research indicated that there was a positive and negative effect in the form of happiness and sadness based on the color and that those with the blue paper performed better. The argument made by the researchers was that color was an affective cue and that it had a serious impact on performance. There are many coping strategies used today by adults who survived abuse. Of course, understanding which methods exist is the first step toward a greater appreciation for the wide spread requirements in this field. Kate Walsh, Michelle A. Fortier, and David DiLillo study the various coping theories (Walsh et al., 2010). The colleagues reviewed theories of coping with trauma and how these theories are applied to CSA victims coping as adults, by investigating over 39 studies, which consisted of 11 descriptive studies, 18 correlation studies, and ten investigational studies (Walsh et al., 2010). This study reviewed results discovered from theoretical information resulted in coping with sexual trauma indicating that it is a prolonged process requiring multiple strategies at different stages of recovery; descriptive studies revealed something similar, indicating that strategies evolve and change during the different coping phases (Walsh et al., 2010). One study emphasized the growing problem of re-victimization, something that is very prevalent throughout the current research. Michelle Fortier et al., 2009, tested a model that conceptualized the relationships between avoidant coping, increased trauma symptoms, and increased risk for adult sexual revictimization (Fortier et al., 2009). According to the authors, coping is extremely important for CSA victims, and sexual trauma leads to efforts to adapt through various emotional and behavioral responses, which can be effective and address the problem or ineffective and avoid the problem, with effectiveness dependant upon timing and the nature of the stressor (Fortier et al., 2009, p. 309). Authors Marjorie Feinson and Adi Meir evaluate the impacts of CSA and mental health, within a Jewish religious context in their 2015 study titled Exploring Mental Health Consequences of Childhood Abuse and the Relevance of Religiosity (Feinson and Meir, 2015). According to the authors, CSA has long been associated as a risk factor for mental health concerns, but little research has been done within a religious context (2015). The hypothesis of the study was that more mental health problems were associated with CSA victims versus non-CSA victims; noting that positive relationships exist traditionally between mental health patients and religious affiliation, the authors expected to find very few mental health problems from participants that were religiously devoted (Feinson and Meir, 2015). Expounding upon the concept of re-victimization is the serious concern about the continued relationships with perpetrators of abuse. David Cantà ³n-Cortà ©s and Cantà ³n examine the use of coping strategies and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among young adults in their study (2010). Various ways of analyzing coping are discussed including problem-focused and emotion-focused, the former being based upon changing the stressful situation in the environment or how the individual responds and the latter being based upon changing how one deals with the situation or the meaning of what happened in the situation (Cantà ³n-Cortà ©s and Cantà ³n, 2010). Active problem solving is another strategy reviewed, which consists of being aware of the stressor and taking action to avoid or deal with it. These facts should provide you with core data for your future academic report writing. You will have no trouble integrating them into your narrative. Feel free to use our auxiliary resources among which are 20 topics and 1 sample essay on psychology studies as well as our guide on writing a statistical report on this very subject. References: Cantà ³n-Cortà ©s, D., Cantà ³n, J. (2010). Coping with child sexual abuse among college students and post-traumatic stress disorder: The role of continuity of abuse and relationship with the perpetrator. Child Abuse Neglect, 34(7), 496-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.11.004 Feinson, M., Meir, A. (2014). Exploring Mental Health Consequences of Childhood Abuse and the Relevance of Religiosity. Journal Of Interpersonal Violence, 30(3), 499-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260514535094 Fortier, M., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., Peugh, J., DeNardi, K., Gaffey, K. (2009). SEVERITY OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND REVICTIMIZATION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COPING AND TRAUMA SYMPTOMS. Psychology Of Women Quarterly, 33(3), 308-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01503.x King, A., Wardecker, B., Edelstein, R. (2015). Personal Mastery Buffers the Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Women’s Health and Family Functioning. J Fam Viol, 30(7), 887-897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9728-4 Marriott, C., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Harrop, C. (2014). Factors Promoting Resilience Following Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Structured, Narrative Review of the Literature. Child Abuse Rev., 23(1), 17-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2258 Soldat, R.C. Sinclair, and M.M. Mark, â€Å"Color as an environmental processing cue: External affective cues can directly affect processing strategy without affecting mood,† Soc. Cognition 15(1), 55-71, 1997. Sperry, D., Widom, C. (2013). Child abuse and neglect, social support, and psychopathology in adulthood: A prospective investigation. Child Abuse Neglect, 37(6), 415-425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.02.006 Ullman, S., Peter-Hagene, L. (2014). SOCIAL REACTIONS TO SEXUAL ASSAULT DISCLOSURE, COPING, PERCEIVED CONTROL, AND PTSD SYMPTOMS IN SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIMS. Journal Of Community Psychology, 42(4), 495-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21624 Walsh, K., Fortier, M., DiLillo, D. (2010). Adult coping with childhood sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review. Aggression And Violent Behavior, 15(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.06.009 Wilson, D. (2010). Health Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Perspectives In Psychiatric Care, 46(1), 56-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6163.2009.00238.x

Is the SAT Hard Expert Analysis of 8 Key Factors

Is the SAT Hard Expert Analysis of 8 Key Factors SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A test that has so much influence over where you go to college is bound to be a bit scary- but how hard is the SAT, really? Despite its fearsome reputation, the SAT isn't as difficult as it seems. Overcoming the difficulties of the SAT is a matter of spending enough time studying areas that are tough for you and practicing questions that you might find confusing at first glance. Whether or not you find the SAT hard initially, this guide will give you the tools you need to surmount the test's challenges and come out on top. Is the SAT Hard? An Overview The SAT can be intimidating if you don’t know much about it, but it's far from an insurmountable challenge if you prepare properly and understand the format of the test. The SAT covers concepts that are typically taught in the first two years of high school, with a few more advanced concepts sprinkled into the mix.That means if you take the SAT junior year, you probably won’t run into anything that's completely unfamiliar to you. The main difficulty lies in understanding the specific way the SAT asks questions and accepting that it’s much different from most in-class tests. The best way to overcome the challenges on the SAT is by preparing yourself for the types of questions that will be asked and becoming familiar with the way the test is structured. Again, the content of the SAT is almost certainly within your abilities. The keyto acing it is to spend time getting cozy with the questions and fixing whatever mistakes you make on practice tests. In the next couple of sections, I’ll give you a rundown of a few different factors that might make the SAT more or less challenging.I’ll follow up these sections with a final list of tips on how to make the test easier for you. 4 Factors That Might Make the SAT Harder Here are a few factors that make the SAT a difficult test for manystudents. These include time pressure, challenging math concepts, difficult reading passages, and a high-stress environment. Factor 1: Time Pressure The SAT is a timed test, so even if you understand all the content, time pressure can lead to careless mistakes and excessive anxiety.On the SAT Reading section, for example, you'll have 65 minutes to answer 52 questions, which comes out to 75 seconds per question. This is without factoring in the time it will take to read the passages, too. That’s why developing an efficient passage-reading strategy before you sit down to take the test is critical.On the Writing section, you have 35 minutes to answer 44 questions, which comes out to 48 seconds per question.All Writing questions are also passage-based, so you might have to spend some extra time reading in this section as well. You won’t have much time per question on the Math Calculator and No Calculator sections either, and it’s easy to get stuck on problems that stump you. On the Math No Calculator section, you get 25 minutes to answer 20 questions, or 75 seconds per question.On the Calculator section, you get 55 minutes to answer 38 questions, or 87 seconds per question. Because of these time constraints, acritical skill for the SAT is knowing when tomove on if you find yourself struggling with a problem for too long. Factor 2: Unfamiliar Math Concepts Although the content on the SAT is unlikely to go far beyond the scope of what you’ve learned in your high school math classes, there might be some questions that ask about concepts that have since faded from your memory. The test also hassome slightly more advanced concepts, including basic trigonometry.If you feel shaky on any of the topics tested on SAT Math, you’ll need to revisit them before you’re ready to answer questions in a high-pressure testing environment. Factor 3: Challenging Reading Passages Passages on the SAT are all excerpts from real published texts (and at least one historical source text), so they’re written at a fairly high level. You'll sometimes encounter language that’s a bit old-fashioned and hard to understand. If you’re not a big reader, these passages might take a bit more effort to comprehend.You’ll need to spend time practicing your passage-reading strategy before jumping into the test. Factor 4: High Stress Levels Finally, a major reason that the SAT is so hard for many students is that they get themselves super worked up about it.It’s not hard to see why this happens: colleges do rely heavily on standardized test scores to judge potential applicants, so it sometimes seems like your whole future is riding on this one test.If you obsess too much over how critical it is to do well, you could end up with crippling test anxiety, leading to the opposite outcome. Learning how to cope with the stress associated with the SAT might be the most important thing you can do to make the whole process more manageable. Testing anxiety is serious. Maybe not as serious as my concerns about why this child is trapped in what appears to be some sort of burlap sack, but still. 4 Factors That Might Make the SAT Easier There are also some aspects of the SAT that can make it seem like an easy test compared to some of the exams you’ve taken in your classes.Here are a few of the most prominent factors. Factor 1: Predictable Structure and Types of Questions The sections on the SAT are alwaysarranged in the same order, which is as follows: Reading Writing and Language Math No Calculator Math Calculator Essay (Optional) This means that you never have to worry about being thrown for a loop on test day regarding the fundamental format of the exam. You can also predict the types of questions you’ll encounter and how they’ll be worded if you go through enough practice materials.The College Board writes questions in very specific ways that don’t change significantly from test to test. Factor 2: No Memorization You don’t need to memorize a bunch of content to do well on the SAT.The Math section gives you most of the formulas you’ll need to answer the questions. Moreover, questions in the Reading and Writing sections are based on reading comprehension and knowledge of basic grammar.So while it’s certainly possible to study for the SAT, it’s not the same kind of studying you’d do for other tests. Factor 3: Almost All Multiple Choice The SAT is much less labor intensive than a lot of tests you take in high school because it doesn’t include any free-response questions in the main portion of the test.Everything is multiple choice except for the grid-in questions on the math sections, of which there are only 13 in total (five on the No Calculator section and eight on the Calculator section). You might choose to take the SAT with the Essay, but that’s optional. It’s also based on a passage provided by the test and not on your recall of outside information. For the most part, all the answers to the questions are right there on the test if you know where to look. Factor 4: No Guessing Penalty There are no points deducted for incorrect answers on the SAT,so you don’t have to worry about filling in an answer you aren’t 100% sure about.If you truly can’t decide between two choices or are totally stumped, just fill in a random bubble. Even if you get it wrong, it'll be no different than if you'd left the question blank, so it’s in your best interest to give it a shot. So many points! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! How to Make the SAT Easier for You: 4 Tips Now that I’ve covered some of the fixed qualities of the SAT that might make it harder or easier, I’ll give you some tips on how to tailor your approach to the test to make its challenges more manageable for you. #1: Take Plenty of Practice Tests This is the #1 thing you must do if you want the SAT to be a breeze for you.The main reason students end up confused and overwhelmed by the SAT is that they go into the test blind.When the questions are formatted in a way that’s unexpected and unfamiliar, it throws them for a loop (especially with the time pressure)- and they think the test is impossibly hard. If you take official SAT practice tests, you’ll start to see that the content is well within your abilities.You just have to get used to reading efficiently, pacing yourself, and staying calm in the face of questions that initially confuse you. #2: Learn to De-stress Taking standardized tests is much easier if you avoid putting an enormous amount of pressure on yourself throughout the process.When you’re so preoccupied with visions of the supposedly catastrophic consequences of failure, every question you skip will make you more anxious and less clear-headed. Learning not to sabotage yourself in this way will make the test much easier.I’d suggest reading up on mindfulness techniquesthat you can use during the exam to bring yourself back down to earth if you get anxious. #3: Use the Process of Elimination Rather than viewing at all the answers for a question as possible options, take a look at them with an extremely critical eye.Try to find reasons to cross out answers that don’t make sense or that aren’t supported by concrete evidence in the passage.This is a big help, especially in the Reading section where it can be difficult to sort out the answers that are almost correct from the one answer that is completely correct. #4: Examine and Correct Your Mistakes You won’t be able to fix all your problems just by taking a bunch of practice tests without further analysis. After each test, go over what you missed and figure out how you can avoid similar mistakes in the future.Try to also find other practice questions that test the same skills as the questions you missed so you can learn how to solve them correctly. With each practice test, you should master more and more of the material until you reach a point at which none of the questions on the exam can stump you. Don't get stumped. I know this is my second terrible image pun in one article, and I gotta say, I'm not sorry at all. Bottom Line: Is the SAT Hard? Will It Be Hard for You? Everyone has a different baseline level of comfort with the format and content of the SAT. In the end, though, the difficulty level of the test depends on how prepared you are for it.Be sure to take plenty of practice tests, address your mistakes meticulously, and learn strategies that can help you decrease your stress levels if test-taking anxiety is an issue for you. If you do all these things, there's no stopping you from earning an awesome SAT score! What's Next? Thinking about getting a review book to guide your SAT prep? Read our reviews for the best SAT prep books released this year. Should you start studying for the SAT now? Or is it OK to wait a little while? Learn more with our guide on how long you should study for the SATbased on your score goals. Choosing the ideal test date for getting your feet wet on the SAT isn't always easy. Read this article for advice on deciding when to take the SAT for the first time. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Media reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media reaction paper - Essay Example The media have also joined the debate, actually taking sides although in a more discreet manner in line with its vow of upholding objectivity. The analysis that the U.S. media is far from being objective because it can be broken down into the liberal and conservative camps has only become more evident in its handling of the issue. Even as journalists try to present news on the issue in the most balanced and objective manner, they still could not avoid showing their bias. One media piece, an article written by David Fitzsimmons titled U.S. Must Enact Immigration Reform Now, which was published in Statesman Journal, is a rare example of how the issue can actually be handled in a manner that can be considered fair and balanced despite the author showing ultimately his personal stand. The article Fitzsimmons wrote is a response to the approval of the Arizona Legislature of a bill that would introduce reforms in the state’s immigration policy. The article begins with a brief backgr ound of events prior to the passing of the bill, SB 1070, in a news-like writing manner. After such short description, Fitzsimmons then starts to lay down his analysis on the issue when he writes that â€Å"state lawmakers were so fed up with the federal government's inconsistent, inadequate immigration enforcement that they took the issue into their own hands† (29 July, 2010). Based on this analysis, Fitzsimmons then expressed agreement with the measures approved by the Arizona Legislature, including the concepts behind these such as the enforcement of stricter policies against employers who wittingly know that they are hiring illegal immigrants. However, Fitzsimmons does not stop here and, as a consequence, prevents the reader to immediately conclude that the author is all-out in his support of a crackdown policy on illegal immigrants and their support machinery. Instead, he also expresses apprehensions over the enforcement of the new immigration law in the state. He worrie s that â€Å"the law will foster discrimination against Latinos — creating the wrong presumption that ‘if you look Hispanic, you must be here illegally’ — even though the law's supporters vow that won't happen† (Fitzsimmons, 29 July, 2010). In the end, Fitzsimmons points out that while there may be negative aspects in the presence of illegal immigrants, there are also positive ones. While he attempts to present an unbiased analysis in this part, he errs in using the term ‘illegal immigrants.’ Apparently, what he means is not just the illegal ones but also the legal immigrants as well. It is not just the illegal immigrants but also the legal ones who contribute to the economy as employees, consumers, and tax-payers. It is also not just the illegal immigrants who â€Å"consume tax dollars† as they avail of public education, healthcare, and the welfare system. Fitzsimmons then proceeds to push for certain measures that do not really drive the immigrants off Arizona’s borders but just process them more efficiently so they can be legalized. What makes Fitzsimmons perspective rare though is that he also proposes that helping the immigrants within the border is the solution. He proposes that in order to solve the heavy influx of immigrants, it is necessary for Arizona

Summary of Anders Stephanson's Global Competition and Manifest Destiny Essay

Summary of Anders Stephanson's Global Competition and Manifest Destiny on the Cusp of the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Notably, America’s imperialism and world power can be dated back to its first endeavors in Asia and the 1899 Open Door policy.   The Open Door policy has for long been identified as a watershed, delimitating a shift in America’s China policy from a de facto â€Å"follower† of British diplomacy to an independent player. This allowed the United States to reap economic, political and religious benefits as well as creating animosity with nations who had interests in China. According to Stephenson, the United States was a latecomer on the international scene and had the zeal to take apart the impediments to entering a geopolitical arena that was dominated by Great Britain. The American interest in China had a typically American flavor, which was the American way. Stephenson seems to show the assertiveness of the American intuition for competition (Gjerde & Elizabeth 104-106). Through the essay, Stephenson shows how the United States acted pragmatically, through undermining the other nation’s attempts in China. The splitting up of China and the jumble for spheres of influence amounted to political aggression as a tactic in power competition, opening up China was also common economic aggression employed by the United States.  

What Role does Early Education Play in the 'Gendering ' of Children Essay

What Role does Early Education Play in the 'Gendering ' of Children - Essay Example As the report declares the gender bias can also impact access to educational equality, stifle their psychological and physical wellbeing. It is very critical for the early childhood educators to be conscious of the effects of stereotypes. The gender identity concept awareness is important for the educators because it is always placed on the children at a very early age, for example, nursery colors selection. Children start to understand and form gender concept at about two years of age. Most children begin to know they are a boy or a girl at the age of three years. At around three to five years, the children grow their gender identity and start to clearly understand male or a female traits. Immediately these young children understand their gender identity, they begin to develop gender stereotypes. From the research it is clear that gender is different between cultures and they are not necessarily the biological traits which differentiate between a male and a female. Earlier research has indicated that gender identification can be formed in two different perspectives; sex role theories and gender relational theories. The children are motivated to join the opposite sex areas out of their own choice, adopt nontraditional behaviours and attitudes. Gender relational theories, on the other hand, children are viewed to actively engage in their own gender identities. Gender in children is thought to grow continuously, based and shaped by ethnicity, the social class, culture, age and religion.

Technology and Modernity in Saudi Arabia

Technology and Modernity in Saudi Arabia In the modern age, where a country must keep up to date on science and technology if it is to have a hope of keeping up with the western world, Saudi Arabia is unlike many other Islamic countries. In the past 20 years alone, its leaders have undertaken an immense project of updating, or establishing programs that would enable Saudi Arabia to compete globally in the 19th and 20th century and make Saudi Arabia a country known for technological and scientific innovation. While Saudi Arabia still lacks behind countries such as the United States and other European countries in science and technology, they have made enormous steps forward in rectifying this through the establishment of governmental programs and expansion of infrastructure in areas such as information technology, telecommunications and environmental sustainability. Until as recently as the mid 1990s internet usage within Saudi Arabia was limited to large businesses, the government and academic or commercial areas and for the most part was not available to the average citizen. In mid 1997 Saudi Arabia announced that internet would be available locally but with many restrictions imposed upon it. These restrictions come in the form of blocked websites of all kinds in and effort by the Saudi government to restrict the flow of information that it sees unfit for the public to view. With the permission of the Saudi government Johnathan Zittrain and Benjamin Edelman of Harvard University tested the internet access capabilities, to identify possible holes in the proxy servers used by the government to filter incoming material from outside countries. Of the 64,000 websites tested, most of the blacklisted websites were either sexually explicit or about religion, but also sites that included topics such as women, health, drugs and pop culture. During much of the past 20 years Saudi Arabia has also been increasing the size of their telecommunications infrastructure. The project began when a $4.2 billion contract was awarded to ATT in which areas such as the telephone network, satellite and coaxel cables network and cellular and wireless systems were dramatically increased to give a larger network range within the country. The Kingdoms coaxial cables have increased to 6,000 satellite circuits and more than 3,100 miles of coaxial cables, with more than 9,800 lines linking 152 cities and villages to countries around the world. Saudi Arabia has two cellular systems in place, one is an analog system which was introduced in the early 1980s which currently has 30,000 lines. The second cellular system is a GSM 900 network, which was operational by 1996 and currently serves upward of 170,000 subscribers within the kingdom. Saudi Arabia being a country largely covered in desert has constant concerns about its water supply, water that is needed for agriculture, the oil industry and private use. Saudi Arabia, unlike many other countries relies heavily on water desalination and fossil water as a means to satisfying their thirst. Desalination refers to the process of removing excess salt and other minerals from water to make it usable by people. The Shoaiba desalination plant on the coast of the Red Sea is responsible for providing 50% of all municipal water to the kingdom. Shoaiba utilizes a multi stage flash distillation process that is capable of desalinating 150 million cubic meters of saline water each year. In order to keep scientific and technological progression in Saudi Arabia to its max, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology was opened in Thuwal in 2009. The university is an international graduate research institute with an emphasis on science and technology. KAUST as it is called offers degrees in relevant fields such as computer science, engineering sciences, environmental sciences and management and materials sciences. The research focus of the institution revolves around science and technology, specifically human needs within the two, and also social advancement and economic development. Notable social advancements include KAUST being the first mixed sex university in Saudi Arabia where women do not have to wear a hijab. Work Cited Desalination. Wikipedia.com. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. . Shoaiba Desalination Plant, Saudi Arabia. Water-technology.net. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . Shoaiba power and desalination plant. Wikipedia.com. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . Behery, Faisal Ahmad. Information Technology in the Kingdon of Saudi Arabia . American University Main Page. N.p., 18 Dec. 1998. Web. 29 Oct. 2009.. Behery, Faisal Ahmad. Internet Activity . American University Home Page. N.p., 16 Dec. 1998. Web. 2 Nov. 2009.. Internal filtering in Saudi Arabia, 2004. OpenNet Initiative . N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2009.. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology . wikipedia.com. N.p., 2 Nov. 2009. Web. 1 Nov.2009. . Recycling . Wikipedia.com. N.p., 12 Oct. 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2009. Reverse Osmosis . Wikipedia.com. N.p., 12 Oct. 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2009. .

Laissez-fair Economics :: essays research papers

The United States of America generally operates under an economic policy known as laissez fair (let people do as they choose) economics. This type of economic system allows nearly no government intervention beyond the minimum necessary to allow the free enterprise system to operate according to its own laws. Laissez fair holds the traditional American belief in individual rights and responsibilities that has led to the creation of the wealthiest nation in the history of the planet. We know this type of economic policy works because our country has prospered for so many years under its format. One portion of laissez fair economics that focuses on individual rights and responsibilities without government intervention pertains to owning a private business. The right for anyone to own and operate a private business in our country is the central idea to letting the people create their own wealth. New and upstart businesses have a chance to be successful because there is always another place in the market for new and innovative products. If you want to get rich you have to be inventive, produce a product that people can afford, and be better at serving customers to earn more capital. This all revolves around the individual and their responsibilities to make a better product to get ahead because if they relax someone else will swoop up their business and their money. People work harder, longer, and better if they are working for themselves or a private business rather than a communist government. Although the belief in individual rights and responsibilities is important there must be some kind of government intervention. The government helps regulate bad companies selling third rate products and helps protect the consumer from buying these products. The government also intervenes if a company has an unfair monopoly over the entire market to help promote smaller businesses to enter the market and have a chance to produce revenue. We also know that if there is total government control the wealth of the individual suffers. Some of the poorest countries in the world rely on a Socialist government and lack economic growth and wealth.